2 Methyl 2 Propanol Condensed Structural Formula: A Comprehensive Overview

2 Methyl 2 Propanol Condensed Structural Formula – The condensed structural formula for 2-methyl-2-propanol, also known as tert-butyl alcohol, is (CH3)3COH. This formula provides a simplified representation of the molecular structure, highlighting the arrangement of atoms and their connectivity. Understanding the condensed structural formula is crucial for comprehending the chemical properties and applications of 2-methyl-2-propanol.

2-methyl-2-propanol possesses distinct physical and chemical properties that influence its behavior and utility. Its molecular weight is 74.12 g/mol, and it has a boiling point of 82.5 °C. The solubility of 2-methyl-2-propanol in water is limited, but it is miscible with organic solvents.

It exhibits a neutral pH, indicating its lack of acidic or basic character.

Condensed Structural Formula: 2 Methyl 2 Propanol Condensed Structural Formula

The condensed structural formula of a compound provides a concise representation of its molecular structure. It uses chemical symbols and parentheses to indicate the arrangement of atoms and bonds within the molecule.

2-Methyl-2-propanol, 2 Methyl 2 Propanol Condensed Structural Formula

The condensed structural formula for 2-methyl-2-propanol is (CH ₃) ₃COH.

This formula indicates that the molecule consists of a central carbon atom (C) bonded to three methyl groups (CH ₃) and a hydroxyl group (OH). The parentheses indicate that the three methyl groups are attached to the same carbon atom.

Molecular Properties

2-Methyl-2-propanol, also known as tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), possesses distinct physical and chemical properties that influence its behavior and applications. These properties include molecular weight, boiling point, solubility, and acidity/basicity.

Molecular Weight

The molecular weight of 2-methyl-2-propanol is 74.12 g/mol. This relatively low molecular weight contributes to its high volatility and low density.

Boiling Point

2-Methyl-2-propanol has a boiling point of 82.6 °C. This relatively low boiling point allows for easy evaporation and distillation.

Solubility

2-Methyl-2-propanol is highly soluble in water and organic solvents. Its solubility in water is approximately 7% by weight at room temperature. This solubility enables its use as a solvent and cleaning agent.

Acidity/Basicity

2-Methyl-2-propanol is a weak acid with a pKa of approximately 18. This means that it can donate a proton to a strong base, but it is not acidic enough to react with weak bases.

Nomenclature and Isomerism

According to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature rules, 2-methyl-2-propanol is named based on the following guidelines:

1. The parent chain is identified as the longest carbon chain containing the functional group, which in this case is the hydroxyl (-OH) group. The parent chain has three carbon atoms and is named “propane.”
2. The substituents on the parent chain are identified and named. In this case, there are two methyl groups (-CH3) attached to the second carbon atom of the parent chain.
3. The name of the compound is assembled by combining the name of the parent chain, followed by the names of the substituents, and finally the suffix “-ol” to indicate the presence of the hydroxyl group.

Therefore, the IUPAC name for 2-methyl-2-propanol is 2-methyl-2-propanol.

Isomers of 2-Methyl-2-propanol

2-Methyl-2-propanol has one structural isomer, which is tert-butanol (2-methyl-2-propanol). These isomers have the same molecular formula (C4H10O) but different structural formulas and properties.

• 2-Methyl-2-propanolhas a primary hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a secondary carbon atom. It is a secondary alcohol.
• tert-Butanolhas a tertiary hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a tertiary carbon atom. It is a tertiary alcohol.

The different structural formulas of these isomers result in different physical and chemical properties. For example, 2-methyl-2-propanol has a lower boiling point (82.5 °C) than tert-butanol (82.8 °C) due to the presence of the secondary hydroxyl group, which forms weaker hydrogen bonds.

Applications and Uses

2-methyl-2-propanol, also known as tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), is a versatile organic compound with numerous applications across various industries.

Chemical Manufacturing

• Solvent:TBA is widely used as a solvent in the production of paints, coatings, and adhesives due to its high solvency power and low volatility.
• Dehydrating agent:TBA can remove water from organic solvents and reaction mixtures, making it useful in chemical synthesis and purification processes.
• Intermediate:TBA is an intermediate in the production of other chemicals, such as isobutylene, methyl methacrylate, and tert-butyl chloride.

Pharmaceuticals

• Excipient:TBA is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations, particularly in topical preparations, due to its ability to enhance drug absorption and penetration.
• Antiseptic:TBA has antiseptic properties and is used in some over-the-counter products, such as hand sanitizers and disinfectants.

Household Products

• Fuel additive:TBA is added to gasoline as an octane booster, improving engine performance and reducing knocking.
• Cleaning agent:TBA is a common ingredient in household cleaning products, such as glass cleaners and degreasers, due to its ability to dissolve dirt and grime.
• Personal care products:TBA is used in some personal care products, such as hairsprays and deodorants, as a solvent and carrier.

Advantages:

• High solvency power
• Low volatility
• Good miscibility with water and organic solvents
• Relatively low toxicity

Limitations:

• Flammable
• Can cause skin and eye irritation
• Limited thermal stability

Final Conclusion

In conclusion, the condensed structural formula of 2-methyl-2-propanol, (CH3)3COH, provides valuable insights into its molecular structure and properties. Understanding this formula is essential for predicting the behavior of 2-methyl-2-propanol in various applications, including chemical manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and household products. Its unique properties make it a versatile compound with a wide range of uses, but it is important to consider its limitations and safety precautions when handling it.