2 Methyl 2 Propanol Condensed Structural Formula – The condensed structural formula for 2-methyl-2-propanol, also known as tert-butyl alcohol, is (CH3)3COH. This formula provides a simplified representation of the molecular structure, highlighting the arrangement of atoms and their connectivity. Understanding the condensed structural formula is crucial for comprehending the chemical properties and applications of 2-methyl-2-propanol.
Tabela de Conteúdo
- Condensed Structural Formula: 2 Methyl 2 Propanol Condensed Structural Formula
- 2-Methyl-2-propanol, 2 Methyl 2 Propanol Condensed Structural Formula
- Molecular Properties
- Molecular Weight
- Boiling Point
- Solubility
- Acidity/Basicity
- Nomenclature and Isomerism
- Isomers of 2-Methyl-2-propanol
- Applications and Uses
- Chemical Manufacturing
- Pharmaceuticals
- Household Products
- Final Conclusion
2-methyl-2-propanol possesses distinct physical and chemical properties that influence its behavior and utility. Its molecular weight is 74.12 g/mol, and it has a boiling point of 82.5 °C. The solubility of 2-methyl-2-propanol in water is limited, but it is miscible with organic solvents.
It exhibits a neutral pH, indicating its lack of acidic or basic character.
Condensed Structural Formula: 2 Methyl 2 Propanol Condensed Structural Formula
The condensed structural formula of a compound provides a concise representation of its molecular structure. It uses chemical symbols and parentheses to indicate the arrangement of atoms and bonds within the molecule.
2-Methyl-2-propanol, 2 Methyl 2 Propanol Condensed Structural Formula
The condensed structural formula for 2-methyl-2-propanol is (CH 3) 3COH.
This formula indicates that the molecule consists of a central carbon atom (C) bonded to three methyl groups (CH 3) and a hydroxyl group (OH). The parentheses indicate that the three methyl groups are attached to the same carbon atom.
Molecular Properties
2-Methyl-2-propanol, also known as tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), possesses distinct physical and chemical properties that influence its behavior and applications. These properties include molecular weight, boiling point, solubility, and acidity/basicity.
Molecular Weight
The molecular weight of 2-methyl-2-propanol is 74.12 g/mol. This relatively low molecular weight contributes to its high volatility and low density.
Boiling Point
2-Methyl-2-propanol has a boiling point of 82.6 °C. This relatively low boiling point allows for easy evaporation and distillation.
Solubility
2-Methyl-2-propanol is highly soluble in water and organic solvents. Its solubility in water is approximately 7% by weight at room temperature. This solubility enables its use as a solvent and cleaning agent.
Acidity/Basicity
2-Methyl-2-propanol is a weak acid with a pKa of approximately 18. This means that it can donate a proton to a strong base, but it is not acidic enough to react with weak bases.
Nomenclature and Isomerism
According to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature rules, 2-methyl-2-propanol is named based on the following guidelines:
- The parent chain is identified as the longest carbon chain containing the functional group, which in this case is the hydroxyl (-OH) group. The parent chain has three carbon atoms and is named “propane.”
- The substituents on the parent chain are identified and named. In this case, there are two methyl groups (-CH3) attached to the second carbon atom of the parent chain.
- The name of the compound is assembled by combining the name of the parent chain, followed by the names of the substituents, and finally the suffix “-ol” to indicate the presence of the hydroxyl group.
Therefore, the IUPAC name for 2-methyl-2-propanol is 2-methyl-2-propanol.
Isomers of 2-Methyl-2-propanol
2-Methyl-2-propanol has one structural isomer, which is tert-butanol (2-methyl-2-propanol). These isomers have the same molecular formula (C4H10O) but different structural formulas and properties.
- 2-Methyl-2-propanolhas a primary hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a secondary carbon atom. It is a secondary alcohol.
- tert-Butanolhas a tertiary hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a tertiary carbon atom. It is a tertiary alcohol.
The different structural formulas of these isomers result in different physical and chemical properties. For example, 2-methyl-2-propanol has a lower boiling point (82.5 °C) than tert-butanol (82.8 °C) due to the presence of the secondary hydroxyl group, which forms weaker hydrogen bonds.
Applications and Uses
2-methyl-2-propanol, also known as tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), is a versatile organic compound with numerous applications across various industries.
Chemical Manufacturing
- Solvent:TBA is widely used as a solvent in the production of paints, coatings, and adhesives due to its high solvency power and low volatility.
- Dehydrating agent:TBA can remove water from organic solvents and reaction mixtures, making it useful in chemical synthesis and purification processes.
- Intermediate:TBA is an intermediate in the production of other chemicals, such as isobutylene, methyl methacrylate, and tert-butyl chloride.
Pharmaceuticals
- Excipient:TBA is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations, particularly in topical preparations, due to its ability to enhance drug absorption and penetration.
- Antiseptic:TBA has antiseptic properties and is used in some over-the-counter products, such as hand sanitizers and disinfectants.
Household Products
- Fuel additive:TBA is added to gasoline as an octane booster, improving engine performance and reducing knocking.
- Cleaning agent:TBA is a common ingredient in household cleaning products, such as glass cleaners and degreasers, due to its ability to dissolve dirt and grime.
- Personal care products:TBA is used in some personal care products, such as hairsprays and deodorants, as a solvent and carrier.
Advantages:
- High solvency power
- Low volatility
- Good miscibility with water and organic solvents
- Relatively low toxicity
Limitations:
- Flammable
- Can cause skin and eye irritation
- Limited thermal stability
Final Conclusion
In conclusion, the condensed structural formula of 2-methyl-2-propanol, (CH3)3COH, provides valuable insights into its molecular structure and properties. Understanding this formula is essential for predicting the behavior of 2-methyl-2-propanol in various applications, including chemical manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and household products. Its unique properties make it a versatile compound with a wide range of uses, but it is important to consider its limitations and safety precautions when handling it.
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